In both examples, the PDO cooled AFTER the earth cooling, and warmed AFTER the earth warming. So, how does this support PDO as a cause of temerature rise and fall? Wouldn’t it be more logical to assume this to be some indicator lagging even the ocean temperature shifts? And then, one would draw from that, the cause of the ocean temperature shifts was either direct, and immediate in effect, or longer term, though less demonstrable, and would have had to come even earlier. The point being, PDO causes nothing, at least, nothing we can see here. The driver, in order to be a driver, has to come first.